Ethical Issues Involved in Research on Children - 2115 Words

Questions Advantages and disadvantages of experiments when researching child development The experimental method in researching child development has been greatly used by researchers. It has several advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is that it helps to prove a hypothesis through the collection of data on independent or dependent variables in a closed or open environment. Experiments help to create the ideal environment for the researcher to study the phenomenon. However, it suffers the disadvantage of limiting the behavior that can be studied since the test is not conducted in the natural environment. The laboratory experiment helps researchers to control and manipulate variables as they wish and to measure the effect with ease. It also allows them to facilitate replication through reproducing identical conditions to the desirable ones for the experiment. However, the results may not be applicable to the natural environment as a result of the researcher controlling the environment too much. Experiments in general also help researchers to collect data on changes that occur over time. However, especially for longitudinal studies, the researcher may need to collect huge amounts of data which requires a lot of time. This also increases the expense of the research. Ethical issues involved in research on children One common issue is that of data confidentiality. The researchers should try as hard as possible to ensure that study data is stored confidentially andShow MoreRelatedThe Nuremberg Of Trial ( 1946 )1127 Words   |  5 Pagesa Nuremberg trial to prosecuted these doctors for the atrocities that they committed and 23 out 15 were found guilty. As a result, the Nuremberg code was created to protect participants from ethical violations. Ethical issues Rationales for choosing specific ethical violation(s). The first ethical issue on this study is that the participants did not receive an informed consent with full disclosure of the potential risk and discomforts of participating in this study. The participant did not haveRead MoreHistory And Progression Of Untreated Syphilis931 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipants, their wives, children and others had been infected and untreated. As news of the study spread, it led to public outrage and an advisory panel was created. (Brandt, 1978) There are several ethical issues that can arise when conducting research. A few of these are field of study dilemmas, the researchers’ integrity, social and economic issues, physical and psychological issues. Field of study refers to areas of research that are controversial in nature. Ethical dilemmas that can ariseRead MoreA Short Note On A Vulnerable Population For Research Studies1121 Words   |  5 Pagesfor Research Neonates: A Vulnerable Population for Research Elizabeth Smith Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Professor Paula Wellde Abstract Neonates are a vulnerable population for research studies. They are unable to give their own voluntary, informed consent. There are special considerations to obtaining informed consent of neonates with strict guidelines from Health and Human Services, splitting studies into 4 levels and which includes parental permission. The ethical issues surroundingRead MoreEthical Violations in The Monster Study Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Monster study is speech impediment experiment that was done on the children that lived in the orphanage. This experiment was conducted to find out if stuttering was inherited or did environment play a key factor. Wendell Johnson was the speech pathologist that conducted this study to find the cause and cure for stuttering. This study violated a lot of ethical issues because the children were psychological harm, informed consent was not given and the subjects were deceived. Wendell Johnson hadRead MoreEthical Considerations When Involving Children And You ng People1671 Words   |  7 PagesETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN INVOLVING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE AS CO-RESEARCHERS IN RESEARCH ‘Research with children and young people has a long history going back at least to the end of the nineteenth century† ‘Fraser, Flewitt and Hammersly (2014) p.34’. In recent years there has been considerable discussions about the practice of including children and young people in the research, such as the limitations and benefits of applying it, and also the ethical and practical implicationsRead MoreElements Of Informed Consent878 Words   |  4 Pagesan IRB. By suggesting that the â€Å"data is already public† (Kirkegard Bjerrekaer, 2016), it relinquishes accountability; of the harm that can arise, and the ethical issues regarding their dataset. Zimmer (2016) makes it clear that public information does not equal consent. One of the main issues plaguing this dataset. The quick fix to this issue would have been to ask for permission from OKCupid users. They could have asked the community if they wanted to participate in the study. However, this wouldRead MoreA Code Of Ethics Limits The Development Of Psychological Theory Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesdoctors were found guilty of carrying out brutal and heinous research experiments on humans during the second World War. Subsequently, the key principles contained in the Code became the basis of ethical behaviour in any medical or psychological research which includes the involvement of human participants (cited in Banyard, 2012). It is now universally understood that the health, safety, wellbeing and human rights of every research study participant is protected. Conversely, it is the opinionRead MoreThe Development Of Children And Young People1507 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically children and young people were only researched by philosophers through theory, The move towards experimental stid ies has been a gradual process that has given research a diverse approach today. ch 1 p16. The reasons for such changes has been hinged on how society has viewed children and young people throughout history,depending on time and culture, from as early as the middle ages there has been theories surrounding children and their role in society, from being seen as ‘adults in waiting’Read MoreEthical Issues and Dilemmas Faced by Coca-Cola1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Coca-Cola Company struggles with ethical crises Delineate the ethical issues and dilemmas the company faced The Coca-Cola Company has faced many ethical issues in the past. In the year 1999 in the month of June, about 30 children in Belgium became ill following the consumption of the companys products. The company recalled the product, however, the problem continued to escalate. All Coca-Cola products were recalled by the Belgian government and this was soon followed by the officials inRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics For Nurses Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesfinding treatment for diseases, research has to be done which unfortunately deals with human subjects. According to Polit and Beck (2017), â€Å"when humans are used for research, care must be exercised to ensure that their rights are protected (p. 137). However, as in the case of highly publicized experimental projects like the Nazi medical experiments: Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital or the Tuskegee syphilis study, there was evidence that nurses were aware of the research, delivered the treatment and served

How Does Your Understanding of Attachment Theory and...

How does your understanding of attachment theory and maternal deprivation inform your understanding of nursing/midwifery practice? â€Å"The relationship between mothers and infants is critical for child development. For whatever reason, in some cases, that relationship doesn’t develop normally. Neglect and abuse can result, with devastating effects on a child’s development† (Strathearn, 2008) A psychological perspective of attachment is a term to describe a reciprocal emotional tie that develops over time. There are many developmental theories relating themselves to attachment and deprivation and many arguments over the nature-nurture debate. However, the name that comes to the forefront of most minds when speaking of this topic is†¦show more content†¦Parents in a study using ultrasound scans explained their natural desire to see, and know their baby before birth. In addition to receiving reassurance of the baby s health, the majority of the mothers felt that seeing their baby on the screen or looking at pictures, created a closer relationship between them and their unborn child. (Pretorious 2005) It is also clear from the emotional and psychological effects of miscarriage, termination and stillbirth that attachments are formed with the fetus. (Friedman and Gradstein 1982) What attachment is, and when it commences, has been encapsulated, the next logical step is to look at how and why attachments are made. Bowlby (1969) believed that attachment is innate. Infants who form attachments are more likely to survive and reproduce and so, through evolution, the attachment gene is naturally selected and infants are born with an innate programming. Bowlby argued that something similar to the imprinting Konrad Lorenz (1952) discovered in hand reared goslings might occur in humans. Babies cannot follow their mothers everywhere but they do follow with their eyes, smile, cling, suck and cry, he believed that using this adaptive behaviour is how attachment is promoted. These social releasers elicit a care giving reaction from others around them and the infant becomes

Application of Mis in Marketing Free Essays

Information is the basis for every decision taken in an organization. The efficiency of management depends upon the availability of regular and relevant information. Thus it is essential that an effective and efficient reporting system be developed as part of accounting system. We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Mis in Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main object of management information is to obtain the required information about the operating results of an organization regularly in order to use them for future planning and control. CONCEPT OF MISDEF: â€Å"A system of people, equipment, procedures, documents and communications that collects, validates, operates on transformers, stores, retrieves, and present data for use in planning, budgeting, accounting, controlling and other management process. † The Marketing Information System â€Å"A marketing information system is a continuing and interacting structure of people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort, analyse, evaluate, and distribute pertinent, timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their marketing planning, implementation, and control†. Sales and Marketing is a key process for the sustenance of any business as revenues are a direct outcome of it. Information Systems within the Sales and Marketing process implement technologies that allow the personnel to access crucial and updated information related to access crucial and updated information related to customer preferences and market demands to offer prompt services. Information Systems are also helpful in identifying the most effective sales strategy that can be used in any particular case based on specified criteria, such as the market segment or the product category.APPLICATION OF MIS IN MARKETING Major Components of a marketing information system The marketing information systems and its subsystems The above diagram illustrates the major components of an MIS, the environmental factors monitored by the system and the types of marketing decision which the MIS seeks to underpin. MARKETING MODELS: Within the MIS there has to be the means of interpreting information in order to give direction to decision. These models may be computerized or may not. Typical tools are: †¢ Time series sales modes. Brand switching models. †¢ Linear programming. †¢ Elasticity models (price, incomes, demand, supply, etc. ). †¢ Regression and correlation models. †¢ Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) models. †¢ Sensitivity analysis. †¢ Discounted cash flow. †¢ Spreadsheet ‘what if models. These and similar mathematical, statistical, econometric and financial models are the analytical subsystem of the MIS . MARKETING STRATEGIES USING MIS The role of Information Systems in devising Marketing strategies has been increasing over the years.Organizations derive the following benefits from implementing Information Systems in marketing: ? Creating effective Marketing plans: Target market identification, implementation of the entire marketing campaign and finally setting up of required standards criteria and evaluating the performance of the plans generated. ? Customizing modules for specific requirements: Information can be used to manage campaigns to retain customers, vendors and optimize services regarding each contact. ? Managing critical business issues: Information Systems are effectively sed to manage critical issues, such as costs and budget analysis, media policies, establishing milestones and s egment management for every campaign. ? Creating Product promotional strategies: Information Systems are used to design, analyze and implement product promotional strategies of a particular brand according to its price, quality, and other related issues. ?Conducting market analysis: Information Systems can be used to survey the potential market and this information can be analyzed to develop specific target market strategies. Preparing comprehensive reports: Information Systems can filter information to provide customized solutions to marketers. This information can be viewed in various ways such as summarized views, total, sub total, statistical views or graphic views. DIFFERENT TYPES OF REPORTS USED IN MARKETING SALES CALL REPORT – This report contains data about the potential customer. It also contains details about the types of items customer is interested in. QUOTATION – It is a document that gives a statement of the price, terms and the condition for a sale a supplier offers for the items. PURCHASE ORDER – It is a written document from the customer to the seller listing the required items and providing a description of the goods. INVOICE – It is a note asking for payments for goods and services that have been supplied. The invoice accompanies the delivery of ordered goods. SALES REPORT (product wise) – A sales report suggests the total product wise sales. From this report one can draw conclusions about the product preferences of customers in different months of the year. 1. MONTHLY SALES REPORT (Sales person wise) – Sales persons are given individual sales targets. This report shows the cumulative sales made by each salesperson for a month. OTHER ASPECTS OF MIS IN MARKETING Managing Financial transactions Providing stock and inventory details Maintaining relevant customer information Integrating sales processes MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN E – COMMERCE E – Commerce is one of the fastest growing segments of the internet, which is used by businesses.BENEFITS: Information Systems are being used in management of E – commerce. The Information Systems offer the following benefits: ? Integrating existing point of sales systems. Integrating with other E – Commerce driven applications to provide the analysis of market effectiveness in terms of real business. ? Managing customer information that can then be used for effective analysis to predict buying trends. ? Provides various methods that can be used for diverting traffic onto the required websites. ? Integrating graphs and multiple report building wizards for the creation of effective reports based on any type of information. ? Information systems also provide various customer retention strategies according to each segment or market campaign or sales force. How to cite Application of Mis in Marketing, Papers